Class 11th

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CHEMISTRY Class 11

Chapter 1

Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry		Open
Laws of chemical combination Importance and scope of Chemistry Dalton's atomic theory Atoms and molecules Atomic and molecular masses Mole concept Molar mass Percentage composition Chemical reactions Stoichiometry Calculations based on stoichiometry

Chapter 2

Structure of Atom		Open
Discovery of Electron Proton and Neutron Atomic Number Isotopes and Isobars Thomson's Model and its Limitations Rutherford's Model and its Limitations Bohr's Model and its Limitations de Broglie's Relationship Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Concept of Orbitals Quantum Numbers Shapes of s, p and d Orbitals Rules for Filling Electrons in Orbitals Aufbau Principle Pauli's Exclusion Principle Hund's Rule Electronic Configuration of Atoms Stability of Half-filled and Completely Filled Orbitals

Chapter 3

Periodic Table		Open
Modern Periodic Law and the Present Form of Periodic Table Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements Atomic Radii Ionic Radii Inert Gas Radii Ionization Enthalpy Electron Gain Enthalpy Electronegativity Valency Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number Greater than 100

Chapter 4

Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure		Open
Valence electrons Ionic bond Covalent bond Bond parameters Lewis structure Polar character of covalent bond Covalent character of ionic bond Valence bond theory Resonance Geometry of covalent molecules VSEPR theory Concept of hybridization S, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules Molecular orbital theory Hydrogen bond

Chapter 5

States Of Matter		Open
Three states of matter Intermolecular interactions Types of bonding Melting and boiling points Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule Boyle's law Charles law Gay Lussac's law Avogadro's law Ideal behaviour Ideal behaviour Ideal behaviour Ideal behaviour Ideal behaviour Empirical derivation of gas equation Ideal gas equation Deviation from ideal behaviour Liquefaction of gases Critical temperature Kinetic energy and molecular speeds Liquid State - vapour pressure Viscosity and surface tension

Chapter 6

Thermodynamics		Open
Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy Extensive and intensive properties State functions First law of thermodynamics Internal energy Enthalpy Heat capacity Specific heat Measurement of ∆U and ∆H Hess's law of constant heat summation Enthalpy of bond dissociation Combustion, formation, atomization Sublimation, phase transition, ionization Solution and dilution Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction) Introduction of entropy State function Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes Criteria for equilibrium Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction)

Chapter 7

Equilibrium		Open
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes Dynamic nature of equilibrium Law of mass action Equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium Le Chatelier's principle Ionic equilibrium Ionization of acids and bases Strong and weak electrolytes Degree of ionization Ionization of poly basic acids Acid strength Concept of pH Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea) Buffer solution Henderson Equation Solubility product Common ion effect (with illustrative examples)

Chapter 8

Redox Reactions		Open
Concept of oxidation and reduction Redox reactions Oxidation number Balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number Applications of redox reactions

Chapter 9

Hydrogen		Open
Position of hydrogen in periodic table Occurrence Isotopes Preparation, properties of hydrogen Uses of hydrogen Hydrides - ionic, covalent, and interstitial Physical and chemical properties of water Heavy water Hydrogen peroxide- preparation, reactions, structure, and use Hydrogen as a fuel

Chapter 10

The s-Block Elements		Open
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements General introduction Electronic configuration Occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii) Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses. Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds: Sodium Carbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydrogen carbonate Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium Calcium Oxide Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses Biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium.

Chapter 11

The p-Block Elements		Open
General Introduction to p-Block Elements Group 13 Elements: Boron – physical and chemical properties Some important compounds: Borax Boric acid Boron Hydrides Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalis Group 14 Elements: Carbon-catenation Allotropic forms Physical and chemical properties Uses of some important compounds: Oxides Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon Tetrachloride Silicones Silicates and Zeolites, their uses

Chapter 12

Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles And Techniques		Open
General introduction Methods of purification Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles Types of organic reactions

Chapter 13

Hydrocarbons		Open
Classification of Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Chapter 14

Environmental Chemistry		Open
Environmental pollution – air, water, and soil pollution Chemical reactions in the atmosphere Smog and its components Major atmospheric pollutants and their sources Effects of depletion of ozone layer and ozone reactions Greenhouse effect, global warming, and their consequences Pollution due to industrial wastes and its impact Green chemistry as an alternative for pollution reduction Strategies for controlling environmental pollution